The Top St. Louis Radio Drama

What began on KMOX in 1937 became a bastion of radio drama for 25 years in St. Louis, thanks in part to the work of a twenty-something man named Kensinger Jones.

“The Land We Live In” was a presentation of Union Electric, heard at 5:30 Sunday evenings and performed before a studio audience. Each episode was a recreation of an historic event or series of events from the St. Louis area. Ken Jones was hired by KMOX in 1945, ostensibly as a continuity writer, but as he put it more succinctly, “My real work was to make sure there was never again a shortage of scripts for ‘The Land We Live In’ radio show.” He and his young wife Alice worked in conjunction with director Ted Westcott and music director Seth Greiner (Alice was never on the payroll) to produce 52 half-hour shows a year.

Even though that number was later cut to 39, the schedule was brutal. Jones says he did get some help from free-lance writers from time to time, but he still was expected to be the script editor.

An average week, Jones says, went something like this: “From 1946 on, Alice and I lived in a log house just outside of House Springs. That’s where I wrote the shows. We’d do our research at the Central Library, the Missouri Historical Society, and by visiting individuals related to stories. That would take Saturday through Tuesday or Wednesday.

“I’d write frantically on Wednesday and deliver the script to KMOX at the Mart Building where it had to be duplicated. Copies would go to Ted Westcott for casting, Seth Greiner for music, and to Walter Heren at U.E. for client approval. There would be a quick rewrite and then a full cast and orchestra rehearsal.

“Then the show would be timed and recorded. On Thursday morning the rehearsal record would be played for the agency and the client. Their suggestions were cranked into a final rewrite on Friday or maybe Saturday. On Sunday at 2:45, a rehearsal with rewritten ‘final’ scripts commenced. A timed run through occurred from 4 – 4:30. Ted raised his hand and threw the first cue at 5:30. Usually by that time I was back in House Springs working on the next show.”

His wife Alice adds that he was often researching several shows at the same time, and he was picking up free-lance work on the side and writing other shows for KMOX.

Sponsor Union Electric decided in the late 1940s to move the show from KMOX to KSD, and the writers and producers moved too.

In conversation with Kensinger Jones, it’s obvious he and Alice loved what they were doing. They dug deeply into St. Louis history, and while it would be impossible to recreate historically accurate dialog, all facts represented on the show were correct. Suggestions for show topics would come in from listeners, some of whom had material to help the Joneses in their research.

As Ken Jones says, in radio, sound effects, words and music, along with the listeners’ willing imagination, can create anything you want, from a skirmish to a full scale battle. “The theater of the mind is surely the best auditorium ever provided for a writer’s work.”

The scope of their accomplishment is even more admirable when one realizes that this was done before computers, before word processors, before the Internet. The late Bea Adams, who worked at UE’s ad agency, Gardner, wrote of this process in her book Let’s Not Mince any Bones, “In an office only big enough for a small desk, typewriter, chair and raft of reference books, Kensinger Jones wrote “’The Land We Live In.’ He wrote it, lived it, researched it, personally watched over it and shaped it into one of the finest radio shows ever to come out of St. Louis.”

Rehearsal at KSD studios
Rehearsal at KSD studios

An October 1975 St. Louisan magazine article penned by Nancy Leutwiler told of our town’s local actors who made a good living as regulars on “The Land We Live In.” Hiring was usually done through the St. Louis Players’ Guild, depending on the number of characters needed for the week’s production.

If only a few were needed, they came from the on-air staff of the individual radio stations. Conditions for the actors could be as stressful as they were for the writers. ”

The first run-through came Thursday afternoon when parts were assigned, and the production crew would tell actors which accents, if any were needed. Then followed rehearsals, musical insertions, dress rehearsal, and live production four days later when the staff announcer intoned: “The Land We Live In, where if you listen, you can hear echoes of the glamorous past.

There were also some well-known guest stars. One of Ken Jones’ fondest memories was of the program that featured Maureen O’Hara, a show written as a tribute to the late John Cardinal Glennon. Jones gave Miss O’Hara the narrator’s character, that of Kathy Dunn, a niece of Glennon’s friend Andy Dunn. But as the live presentation was wrapping up, Miss O’Hara began to sob and left the stage. Director Westcott immediately cued the orchestra and Jones was summoned to go onstage and finish the wrap-up speech. Later, Maureen O’Hara told those assembled that the script evoked such vivid memories of her own childhood in Ireland that she was emotionally overwhelmed.

Alice Jones was Ken’s partner throughout the whole “Land We Live In” effort. “It was an exciting time in my life,” she says. “Young, married, no kids, no car, and all these wonderful stories.” The couple truly enjoyed their work here.

“The Land We Live In” was primarily a public relations vehicle for the Union Electric Company. After the final broadcast in April of 1952, Kensinger and Alice Jones moved to Chicago where he accepted an attractive offer from the Leo Burnett ad agency writing for television.

(Reprinted with permission of the St. Louis Journalism Review. Originally published 10/04)

Russ Walker, WIL Announcer Finds Hobby In Poetry

By Catherine Snodgrass

This is certainly a funny old world – you can think you know “all about a person,” and then suddenly you discover that he or she possesses a hidden talent which you never even dreamed of.

Russ Walker
Russ Walker

Now take Russ Walker, for instance. He’s been on WIL for a long time. We knew Russ had gone to college – had a flare for dramatics – been salesman, announcer, continuity writer, and what have you. We even knew his favorite melody, type of feminine beauty, and that he preferred grey suits and blue ties. Well, in fact, we thought we had that “six foot, two” young “he” man thoroughly catalogued.

Then one day a friend of mine remarked that she had read a poem by a Mr. Russell Walker of WIL. I immediately rushed for the station and accused Russ of holding out valuable information.

At first Russ denied the accusation then blushing like a bad little boy, very modestly owned up that he had endeavored to write a few verses, but that he didn’t know how to write good poetry.

Upon insistence he finally fished out of the bottom drawer of his desk a little brown leather book in which was stored some of his typed verses. Naturally, I borrowed that book, much to Russ’ disquietude.

The verses and poems are a credit to the young author, they reveal a love of the beauties of nature.

(Originally published in Radio & Entertainment 10/28/1933.)

A Technical Look At KMOX

By Meryl Friedel

KMOX transmitter 1933
KMOX transmitter 1933

If you’re statistically minded, here are a few numbers to keep you busy:

—To cool the 35,000 watt tubes that are used in the 50,000 watt KMOX transmitter, distilled water is circulated around the anodes (an anode is the plate of the tube) at the rate of 108,000 gallons each broadcast day, which makes 90 gallons a minute.

—To dissipate the heat absorbed by the water, it flows through mammoth radiators, through which four large fans force 18,000,000 cubic feet of cool air each broadcast day and that means 15,000 cubic feet per minute.

—The anode of each tube carries 17,000 volts.

—Each 35,000 watt tube costs $480 and a 50,000 watt radio station has to have eight of them. —1200 feet of messenger cable, of which 600 feet is in horizontal suspension, supports a 279 foot antenna between two 300 foot towers. One end of the messenger cable hangs free and is coupled to a 2700 pound block of concrete which acts as a counter balance to the combined stress exerted by the 279 foot vertical portion of the antenna and the 1200 foot messenger cable. The concrete block also takes care of the contraction and expansion and is a safety factor during all kinds of extreme variations of weather.

(This seems to have turned into a description of the physical mechanics of a radio station transmitter. As clearly as this simple layman can get it, the above towers, antenna, etcetera, are what actually send out sound on our prescribed airwaves.) But to get back to the statistics:

—342 miles of special telephone wires are used to broadcast KMOX programs that originate outside of the studios.

KMOX Meramec transmitter building 1931
KMOX Meramec transmitter building 1931

—5,068,000 watts of electrical energy are consumed each broadcast day by the KMOX 50,000 watt transmitter. That energy, if used to light a 60 watt bulb, the size generally used in homes, would light more than 91,088 such bulbs for an hour. Which gives you an idea of the electrical energy necessary for a radio station which is as powerful as is allowed in the country.

Not being a statistician, these figures have made us dizzy. Hope you have fun with them. Graham L. Tevis, KMOX Chief Engineer, is responsible for these facts, so you may be sure they’re both true and authoritative. Hope this has also answered some of your questions about what makes the wheels go ‘around in this thing called “radio.”

And if you’re still interested in statistics, why not try to figure out what you could do in your home if you had all this light, water, money and so on, to use? We’d like you to tell us what you figured out, if you do.

(Originally published in Radio & Entertainment 09/23/33.)

Round and Round With the First TTOs

​Back in the days of radio’s infancy, every station used live musicians on the air. Technology changed all that, but the average listener isn’t aware of what happened during the transition. Here in St. Louis, all the stations had to make some changes in hiring, thanks to a man named Petrillo.

James Caesar Petrillo was elected president in 1922 of the American Musicians’ Union and then became president of the American Federation of Musicians in 1940. Within months of this second election, the nation went to war, but that didn’t stop him

Elmer Schwartzbeck (3rd from left) was a drummer in the Statler Orchestra on KSD's first broadcast in 1922. He later worked as a TTO at the station for many years.

Elmer Schwartzbeck (3rd from left) was a
drummer in the Statler Orchestra on KSD’s
first broadcast in 1922. He later worked as
a TTO at the station for many years.

His battle with broadcasters had begun in the mid-1920s. In an effort to discourage the frequent use of records by radio stations (a practice that meant no money for the musicians who recorded them), Petrillo pressured the stations to hire in-house musical groups. He later took a challenge to court saying the playing of recorded music on the radio violated copyrights, but that was thrown out by judge Learned Hand in 1940.

Cost cutting became a way of life for everyone during the war, and radio stations cut back on the use of their live musicians, occasionally bringing in amateur groups to perform. Petrillo put pressure on the stations and a new national contract was negotiated requiring the stations to keep a minimum number of hired musicians and pay the professional musicians even when amateurs were used.

This practice caught the eye of the federal government, and the F.C.C. passed the Lea Act, making it illegal “to threaten or compel a broadcaster to employ more persons than it needed…and pay for services not performed.” But as the war wound down, stations began introducing disc jockeys into their program mix, and that meant there was less need for musicians.

Here in St. Louis, a couple well-known singer/musicians made the transition with ease. Skeets Yaney and Roy Queen both got their own disc jockey shows. But most of the radio musicians were relative unknowns, especially those who didn’t sing. Petrillo had already laid the groundwork for their futures by pressuring stations to hire their former musicians to handle the technical end of record playing, making them platter spinners.

Charles Novak and John Piskulic, musicians turned TTOs, in the KSD record library.

Charles Novak and John Piskulic, musicians

turned TTOs, in the KSD record library.

For many years, union radio stations had separate staffers, usually former studio musicians, who did nothing but set records on turntables, put the needle on the record, cue the record to the proper musical starting point, and activate the turntable when the announcer signaled.

As disc jockeys flourished, stations began to tout not only their personalities but also the depth of their record libraries. An article in the June 16, 1949 issue of the Globe-Democrat described KWK’s record library as “one of the most complete in the nation,” containing “11,000 single records and 700 albums.” Five people worked in the station’s music library, previewing every new record received to check “for any lyrics that might be offensive to listeners.” And since recording tape was not widely used at that time, commercials were also recorded on acetate discs. These were also filed and maintained by the record library staff.

The lower expense of a disc jockey playing records soon meant there was no need for live musicians on station payrolls, but a few stayed in various jobs at St. Louis stations well into the 1970s.

(Reprinted with permission of the St. Louis Journalism Review. Originally published 3/05)

St. Louis Cardinals’ Radio History

For generations radio listeners have twisted their dials with renewed fervor in April when baseball season begins. It St. Louis for over a half-century, those dials were tuned to KMOX, but the Cardinals’ play-by-play has been heard on other stations here too.

St. Louis baseball was actually first heard on the radio in 1926 when the Cardinals were in the World Series. It was the club’s first appearance in the post-season classic, and play-by-play man Graham MacNamee’s voice was heard on a primitive network hookup originating at WEAF in New York and picked up in St. Louis on KSD. (A published report lists Lester Arthur Benson as the originator of baseball broadcasts in St. Louis, but there is no documentation to back this up.)

The next year Cardinals’ owner Sam Breadon granted permission for the team’s home games to be broadcast on the radio, and according to Curt Smith in the book “Voices of the Game,” Garnett Marks was the first local announcer to broadcast the Cardinals. The station was KMOX. It’s notable that Marks didn’t use his name during that first full season, instead calling himself “Rhino Bill” at the behest of his sponsor, Rhino Tire Stores. Midway through the season, his sponsor changed and so did his name, to Otto Buick.

KMOX didn’t have a monopoly on the broadcasts, but the station’s managing director, Thomas Patrick Convey, took credit for being the pioneer of local baseball broadcasts. The Globe-Democrat published an article in 1949 crediting Convey with originating “the first baseball broadcast from inside Sportsmen’s Park.”

The reality, in Convey’s own words in a letter written in May of 1929, was, “In March, 1926, as managing director of KMOX…I secured permission to install facilities in the press box…For two weeks in April, 1926, I sat in the press box and gave the scores, runs, hits and errors over the air. During the third and fourth weeks another employee of KMOX gave the score.

“…This broadcast was discontinued as the officials figured it was costing too much money.”

Over the years, announcers and stations changed:

1926 KMOX Thomas Patrick, Garnett Marks (partial season)
1927 KMOX Garnett Marks (Rhino Bill, Otto Buick)
  KFVE Thomas Patrick
  WIL William Elsworth
1928 KMOX Garnett Marks
  KWK Thomas Patrick
  WIL William Elsworth
1929 KMOX France Laux
  KWK Thomas Patrick
1930 KMOX France Laux
  KWK Thomas Patrick
  WIL L. A. Eddie Benson
1931 KMOX France Laux
  KWK Thomas Patrick
  WIL L. A. Eddie Benson
1932 KMOX France Laux
  KWK Thomas Patrick, Johnny Harrington
1933 KMOX France Laux
  KWK Johnny Harrington, Thomas Patrick, Bob Thomas
1934 KMOX France Laux
  KWK Bob Thomas, Ray Schmidt
1935 KMOX France Laux
  KWK Johnny Harrington, Bob Thomas
  WIL Neil Norman
1936 KMOX France Laux
  KWK Johnny O’Hara, Ray Schmidt
1937 KMOX France Laux, Jim Alt
  KWK Johnny O’Hara, Ray Schmidt, Allan Anthony, Tom Dailey
1938 KMOX France Laux, Ray Alt
  KWK Allan Anthony, Johnny O’Hara
1939 KMOX France Laux, Cy Casper
  KWK Johnny O’Hara, Jim Bottomley
1940 KMOX France Laux
  KWK Johnny O’Hara, Johnny Neblett
  KXOK Alex Buchan, Ray Schmidt, Gabby Street
1941 KWK Johnny O’Hara, Johnny Neblett, Dizzy Dean
  KXOK France Laux
1942 KWK Dizzy Dean, Johnny O’Hara
  KXOK France Laux
1943 KWK Dizzy Dean, Johnny O’Hara
  KXOK France Laux, Ron Rawson
1944 WEW(Day)/WTMV(Night) Dizzy Dean, Johnny O’Hara
1945 WIL Harry Caray, Gabby Street
  WEW(Day)/WTMV(Night) France Laux, Johnny O’Hara
1946 WIL Dizzy Dean, Johnny O’Hara
  WEW/WTMV Harry Caray, Gabby Street
1947 WEW/WTMV Harry Caray, Gabby Street
  WIL Dizzy Dean, Johnny O’Hara

 

Following the 1947 season, Breadon announced the creation of a six-station radio network for the next year, meaning outlying stations would be carrying the same broadcasts heard in St. Louis, sponsored by Griesedieck Brothers’ Brewery.

1948 WEW, WEW-FM/WTMV/KXOK-FM Harry Caray, Gabby Street
1949 WIL, WIL-FM Harry Caray, Gabby Street
1950 WIL Harry Caray, Gabby Street, Stretch Miller
1951 WIL Harry Caray, Gus Mancuso
1952 WIL Harry Caray, Gus Mancuso, Stretch Miller
1954 KXOK Harry Caray, Jack Buck
1955 KMOX Harry Caray, Jack Buck, Joe Garagiola
1960 KMOX Harry Caray, Joe Garagiola
1961 KMOX Harry Caray, Jack Buck, Joe Garagiola
1963 KMOX Harry Caray, Jack Buck, Jerry Gross
1968 KMOX Harry Caray, Jack Buck
1970 KMOX Jack Buck, Jim Woods
1971 KMOX Jack Buck, Jim Woods
1972 KMOX Jack Buck, Mike Shannon, Jim Walden
1973 KMOX Jack Buck, Mike Shannon, Harry Walker
1974 KMOX Jack Buck, Mike Shannon, Bob Starr
1975 KMOX Jack Buck, Mike Shannon
1976 KMOX Jack Buck, Mike Shannon, Bob Starr
1980 KMOX Jack Buck, Mike Shannon, Dan Kelly
1984 KMOX Jack Buck, Mike Shannon, Red Rush
1985 KMOX Jack Buck, Mike Shannon
1992 KMOX Jack Buck, Mike Shannon, Joe Buck
1993 KMOX Jack Buck, Mike Shannon
1994 KMOX Jack Buck, Mike Shannon, Joe Buck
1995 KMOX Jack Buck, Mike Shannon, Joe Buck, Bob Carpenter
1996 KMOX Jack Buck, Mike Shannon, Joe Buck
2001 KMOX Jack Buck, Mike Shannon, Joe Buck, Dan McLaughlin
2002 KMOX Mike Shannon, Joel Meyers
2003 KMOX Mike Shannon, Wayne Hagin
2006 KTRS Mike Shannon, John Rooney
2011 KMOX Mike Shannon, John Rooney
2013 KMOX Mike Shannon, John Rooney, Mike Claiborne, Rick Horton, Al Hrabosky
2016 KMOX Mike Shannon, John Rooney, Mike Claiborne, Rick Horton
2022 KMOX John Rooney, Mike Claiborne, Rick Horton

 

(Reprinted with permission of the St. Louis Journalism Review. Originally published April, 05. Original article updated 2022)

Tom Dailey Was A Huge Star at KWK

In the 1930s in St. Louis, every kid knew who Tom Dailey was. They knew him as that guy on the radio who was called “Kuzzin Tom.” Their parents knew him too. They’re the ones who took the kiddies to Crystal Room at the Chase Hotel, the site of KWK’s 10:30 Saturday morning broadcasts.

Globe-Democrat writer Edna Warren wrote a glowing feature about Dailey in January of 1938 (preferring the proper spelling of Kuzzin): “Twenty-six years old, handsome and smiling, Cousin Tom is as personable a young man as ever crooned into a microphone and set feminine hearts palpitating around the radio. Just why he should choose to devote his talents to the very young is one of those mysteries older sisters will never understand.” If she could have flashed ahead several years, she’d have found Cousin Tom appealing to a completely different audience – their mothers.

Tom Dailey began his radio career in Rockford, Illinois, right out of high school. At his next stop, Birmingham, he hosted his first radio kids’ show. By the time he got to St. Louis, he was a natural for the slot. The station soon boasted a Kiddie Klub membership of over 250 thousand from all over the Midwest, making his sponsor, Uncle Dick Slack of Slack’s Furniture, very happy.

For a man of 26, the show must have been the ultimate test of patience. Most of the entertainment, it seems, came from the kids’ performances. Many would sing, some played musical instruments, and others would recite, provided they weren’t overcome by stage fright. Warren’s article describes the performance of a youngster named Herbie, who “trotted up with all the sangfroid of three years to hold up his arms for Cousin Tom to lift him up to the mike and say hello to daddy.”

And KWK’s management never missed a chance to promote the popular host. They even sent out a press release on May 17, 1935, stating “Tom Dailey, member of the KWK staff and conductor of the very popular Kiddie Klub, is a firm believer in ‘realism.’ In his role as Kuzzin Tom of the Kiddie Klub he is in close contact with hundreds of children daily, and has developed a very popular children’s disease. Tom Dailey is confined to his home with the measles.”

Like the staff of the cult television hit “Remember WENN,” KWK employees were expected to wear many hats. Dailey was appointed to the position of chief announcer in 1936, did broadcasts that same year from Sportsman’s Park, was host of the nightly “Gentleman of the South” program and was involved in on-the-scene news accounts of southern Missouri floods in 1937.

It was truly an exciting time to be in radio. Each station had a stable of talent who quickly became celebrities. Some moved from city to city, lured by offers of better wages. A few moved from station to station within a market. A select few like Tom Dailey, moved away for better wages and then were brought back by their former employers. Nine years after leaving St. Louis, he was lured back by his old employer.

His second stint at KWK began in 1947 as host of an afternoon music show, also helping Johnny O’Hara with play-by-play duties for the St. Louis Browns. It wasn’t long before Dailey got the chance to become a big star with the adult audience.

Aimed directly at the area’s housewives, Tom Dailey’s “Recall It and Win” was a midday Monday through Saturday quiz show giving listeners at home a chance to win money. He became a huge star by simply helping his listeners enjoy themselves and play along with the show’s contestants.

The gist of Recall It and Win was simple: People were picked randomly from the phone book, called, and put on the air with Dailey, where they were asked to identify musical selections from Dailey’s collection of obscure recordings, some dating back as far as 20 years. Even if they guessed wrong, the magnanimous Dailey would mail them a dollar bill and a sample of Old Judge Coffee, one of his sponsors. Those who had the correct answers got more money and a chance to identify the mystery song, which was worth $100. It takes a quick-witted host to pull off a show like this, and Tom Dailey was the perfect choice. A studio audience was eventually added, and soon the show was booked solid several months in advance.

Columnist Ed Keath wrote in the March 25, 1951 Globe-Democrat: “Consistent good ratings on Tom’s show and others here show that radio can hold its own against TV.”

That said, the lure of TV, especially a co-owned station, soon put an end to the big radio show. Dailey took the show to KWK-TV in 1954 and later to KTVI. Tom Dailey’s son Terry was later heard in the market now as Frank O. Pinion’s sidekick. He was justifiably proud of his dad’s work as one of St. Louis’ premier radio announcers in the ‘30s, ‘40s and early ‘50s.

(Reprinted with permission of the St. Louis Journalism Review. Originally published 05/2005)